It has long been known that people who have good social networks are generally healthier and live longer. In fact, long-term social isolation and chronic stress have about the same impact on longevity and health as does long-term smoking!
There might be simple explanations for this. For example, those with friends and regular social contacts might be more likely to take care of themselves physically by walking with friends or even brushing their teeth before getting together with friends. When needed, friends might provide food or take an isolated person out to lunch to make sure they eat enough. If you have a sick friend, you might make sure he or she gets to the doctor or takes any needed medicine. These actions reduce isolation and stress.
Short bursts of stress seem to be good for you. Your body systems respond to the stress and strengthen your immunity, which in turn improves your chances for long-term health. Sustained stress, ont he other hand, gradually breaks down your immunity.
Male and Female Differences in Coping
Research with both animals and humans has shown that, under extreme stress, females cope better than males. Social isolation researcher Dr. Martha McClintock states, "Men who are lonely, or bereaved, or who lose their partners are known to be more vulnerable to disease and death, whereas women are more resilient." She suggests that the difference might be partly built-in. Biologically males need to survive only long enough to pass on their genes through mating, while females must survive long enough to raise offspring. On average, women live several years more than men do.
Commonsense Bottom Line
- Maintain social contacts throughout your lifetime. If you have a friend or acquaintance who is lonely or isolated, try to stay in regular contact. Call, send an email, and in other ways encourage him or her to go for a walk with you, take in a concert, or go out to dinner.
- If you are isolated, make a conscious choice to become involved with others. Volunteer, join a club, attend church, or join a gym.
- Choose to eat a healthful diet, exercise moderately and regularly, see your doctor on schedule, and look for interesting things to do.
- Keep an eye on elderly relatives and friends who are living alone. They are particularly vulnerable.
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