This six-part series of articles provides information on the availability, types, uses, misuses, dangers, and benefits of over-the-counter (OTC) medicines. These are the medications you buy at your local drug store or grocery store without a prescription. Most people don't give these medicines a second thought – but maybe you should. Learn more about OTC medicines so you can make safe and informed choices for your family.
Side Effects of OTC Medicines
OTC medicines have a low risk of side effects when used occasionally by healthy adults. But they can pose risks for very young children, the elderly, those with kidney problems, and people taking multiple medicines. Using more than one medicine of any kind can increase potential side effects. Potential side effects include:
Aspirin and NSAIDS
- Stomach upset or bleeding can occur with long-term use.
- Kidney inflammation or damage can occur.
- High blood pressure can be worsened. These drugs can also interfere with blood pressure medication.
- High doses can cause liver damage in those with liver disease.
Acetaminophen
- Long-term, high-dose use can cause kidney disease, but this usually takes many years.
Antihistamines
- Drowsiness is a common side effect. This can impair your safe driving or operation of machinery.
- Temporary dry mouth or eyes is also a common side effect.
Decongestants
- The main drug in decongestants – pseudoephedrine – can cause nervousness, dizziness, and sleepiness.
- Decongestants can depress your appetite.
- Use of decongestants has been associated with heart palpitations, high blood pressure, and high blood sugar.
Cough Medicines
- Codeine, used in some cough medicines, can cause nausea, sleepiness, and constipation.
- Dextromethorphan, also used in some cough medicines, can cause temporary confusion, agitation, nervousness, or irritability.
Alcohol – A Special Case
- Alcohol – even one drink a week – used in conjunction with NSAIDS, including aspirin, increases your risk for stomach bleeding. If you consume two, three, or more alcoholic beverages a day, consult your physician before using any pain reliever.
- In combination with alcohol, the use antihistamines and decongestants can make you even drowsier. Your motor skills might seriously deteriorate. If codeine is present, the effects are even stronger and more dangerous.
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