Nearly one child in 20 has high blood pressure (hypertension), and the numbers are growing. Should you be concerned? Yes! High blood pressure in children is defined as a blood pressure that is as high or higher than the 95th percentile for a child's age, height, and gender. Normal blood pressure for a seven year old is not the same as normal for an adult. And there are often no symptoms until a serious health event occurs – possibly a heart attack or kidney failure.
High blood pressure in children is linked to lifelong health problems. Higher blood pressure puts a heavier workload on the heart and arteries since the heart must pump harder.
Why Is High Blood Pressure on the Increase?
Not surprisingly, high blood pressure in kids is linked to lifestyle behaviors.
- Unhealthy (junk food/fast food) diets.
- Lack of exercise (computer and video games and TV watching).
- Overweight and obesity.
- In adolescents, smoking, drinking, and drug use can lead to high blood pressure.
- Young athletes using steroids to build muscles risk high blood pressure.
- Stress can be a factor, just as in adults.
What Are the Health Results for Children with High Blood Pressure?
- Heart attack and stroke are on the rise.
- More children are being diagnosed with type 2 (formerly called adult-onset) diabetes.
- Sleep and breathing problems are more common.
- Kidney disease and kidney failure are more likely.
- Vision problems are more common.
What Can You Do?
- Have your child's blood pressure checked regularly, starting at about three years old.
- Make sure your children are active each day, and be active with them.
- A healthier diet is a must. Go easy on fast foods and sweetened drinks.
- Get regular medical checkups for everyone in your family, including your children.
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