Osteoarthritis, also known as degenerative joint disease, is a bone and joint disease that can be painful and debilitating. The good news is that you have a lot of choices for controlling the problem.
Exercise and Rest
One of the best treatments for osteoarthritis is physical exercise. Exercise can increase flexibility, strengthen the heart, decrease pain, improve mood, help you maintain a healthy weight, and promote overall physical fitness. Physical activity is usually inexpensive and can be done at home any time of the day or night. Work closely with your doctor to develop a plan that is safe and effective.
Rest helps reduce swelling and allows healing. Relaxation techniques can help you to reduce tension and sleep better.
Pain Relief
There are many ways to attack pain. Warm towels, hot packs, hot baths, hot tubs, or hot showers can relieve pain and relax muscles. Ice and cold packs can also help reduce swelling. Check with your doctor or physical therapist to help determine whether heat or cold will work best for you.
Weight Control
If you are overweight, losing weight and maintaining a healthy weight will take pressure off sore joints. A healthy diet and active lifestyle will help.
Medications
Medications can reduce pain and swelling and help improve overall functioning. Medications might also have unintended side effects, so use them with care. Several types of pain reducing medications are commonly used, and most are available over the counter (OTC).
- NSAIDs – known to us as aspirin, Advil® Motrin®, Aleve®, and others – can reduce swelling and relieve pain. They can also cause stomach irritation or affect kidney function. Long use of NSAIDs increases the risk of side effects.
- COX-2 inhibitors – available only by prescription – operate much like NSAIDs but have fewer side effects. Talk with your doctor about the possible benefits of these medications.
- Acetaminophen – known most commonly as Tylenol® – does not reduce swelling or upset the stomach, but it does relieve pain. If you have liver disease, take a blood thinner, or drink heavily, you should ask your doctor if it's safe for you to take acetaminophen.
Other medications – OTC and prescription – are available in the form of sprays, creams, and injections. Ask your doctor for more information. In cases of severe joint damage, hip or knee replacement surgery might be necessary.
Summary
Most people with osteoarthritis can manage their condition with a program that includes:
- Regular physical activity
- Weight control and management
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